Lipid Bilayers Disrupted by Protegrin-1
An atomic force micrograph of zwitterionic DMPC lipid bilayer patches under the action of antimicrobial peptide, protegrin-1, at 30°C. At low peptide concentration, the first mode of instability is found at the edge of the patch. At higher peptide concentration (not shown), surface defects would appear in the lamellar structure and form pore-like structures.
Wrinkles to Folding in Polyester Film
A wrinkle-to-fold transition observed when a polyester film (10 um thick) on water is put under lateral compression in a macroscopic Langmuir trough. The first sign of instability of the originally flat film is the formation of wrinkles; further confinement results in growth in wrinkle amplitude. When the confinement exceeds a certain threshold value, stress focusing occurs, resulting in the formation of a single fold and the dissipation of the other wrinkles.