Atomic force micrograph of anionic DMPG lipid bilayer patches under the action of antimicrobial peptide, protegrin-1, at room temperature. As the bilayer is in the gel phase, the peptide cannot penetrate into the lamellar pore, but disrupts the bilayer from the edge, leading to the formation of work-like micelles.
A wrinkle-to-fold transition observed when a polyester film (10 um thick) on water is put under lateral compression in a macroscopic Langmuir trough. The first sign of instability of the originally flat film is the formation of wrinkles; further confinement results in growth in wrinkle amplitude. When the confinement exceeds a certain threshold value, stress focusing occurs, resulting in the formation of a single fold and the dissipation of the other wrinkles.